Peer Review
When journal articles, book chapters, monographs, and other forms of scholarly production, e.g., documentary films, have been peer reviewed, this means that the editor, press, or production company has solicited a review of the quality of scholarship from at least one, preferably two, expert referee(s) in the field. Best practice determines that this is done anonymously, where neither the author, generally conceived, nor the referees know who the other people are. Sometimes peer review occurs non-anonymously in that the identity of the referee is unknown to the author. Non-anonymous peer review also is an acceptable practice within the disciplines of philosophy and religion. Whether anonymous or non-anonymous, peer review is undertaken by experts in the field, who do not have a conflict of interest, as selected by the editor, press, or production company.